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Retirement planning chat with Daniel Galli
 
12:59
Daniel Galli -  Good Afternoon.   I'm Dan Galli and I am looking forward to taking your questions about all of the various retirement plans that employers provide: 401(k), 403(b), 457, SIMPLE-IRA's, Keogh Plans, Profit Sharing Plans, SAR-SEP plans, pension plans, etc.

Having worked with employer based plans for many years, I have learned that they can be different from one employer to the next.   However, they usually represent our best opportunity to save for our retirement.   They provide income tax advantages, disciplined savings and investment opportunities.

Let's get started........
12:59
[Comment From david]
what percent growth should one assume in a retirement portfolio?
1:00
Daniel Galli -  

David, the rate of return you can project for retirement accounts is directly related to how much risk you take in the account.   Over the long run (decades) stocks have averaged 10%-12% while bonds have averaged approximately 5%.   Cash has averaged slightly less than bonds.   For a very conservative investment mix (all cash and government bonds) you might use an assumed rate of return of 4%.   Mix in some stocks and bonds (approximately 60% stocks and 40% bonds and cash) and you might be able to project 7%-7.5%.   However, different time periods can radically affect returns, as we have seen in this decade.   The longer the time frame, the more chance your numbers will be met.   I’m not sure how old you are, but for someone in their twenties or thirties, a mix of stocks, bonds and cash should allow for a projected return of 7% over the long run.

1:01
[Comment From dlp10]
Hi Dan - I have around $25k in government savings bonds that are getting around 4% interest... I have not cashed them in as 4% was more than I could get with a savings acocunt. But now I want to earmark most of it for retirement. What's the best place to transfer this money to -- is a Roth IRA the way to go right now, or should I just hold on to the bonds until the recession is over?
1:04
Daniel Galli -  

As I'm sure you do, I like the 4% interest in today's environment.   However, the Roth-IRA option is very attractive as a retirement savings vehicle.   Your age plays a role in my answer as well as how long you have held the bonds. Any help with those two issues?

1:06
[Comment From dlp10]
I am 31 and have had the bonds since I was a wee toddler (they were gifts)
1:11
Daniel Galli -  You have to take into account the tax hit (no state tax but federal will be due on the interest) from cashing them in, unless you were paying the interest along the way.   You will also have to decide on how to invest them in the Roth-IRA.   Interest rates are very low right now so you may want to consider investing in the markets usinig  some index funds.   You have enough time to invest in markets, the question may be, "Do you want to take the risk?"  
1:11
[Comment From bill]
what type of stocks are considered good long-term investments these days?
1:13
Daniel Galli -  I'm not one to try to predict these types of things.   Growth stocks have done better than value stocks so far this year but over the long run, I use a mix of mutual funds that cover a range of stock types and let the managers decide on what individual stocks to concentrate on.
1:13
[Comment From workaholic]
Can someone in their 20s even count on receiving any social security benefits when they retire? i feel like with the loss of pensions, 401(k) matches, etc., that my generation is really behind the 8 ball when it comes to retirement.
1:17
Daniel Galli -  I'm very concerned about this issue for people in their twenties.   We baby boomers are certainly going to put the "squeeze" on the system.   We all know what is needed to fix the program, but no one's going to like the solutions: some combination of higher costs or lower benefits.   You're correct that your generation has missed out on pensions but you have something very valuable on your side.....time.   More than any other factor, time allow money the opportunity to grow.   Use whatever tax advantaged programs become available to you now while you are young.   Deal with the things that you can control.
1:18
[Comment From rick]
my father in law is ill, likely with less than a year to live...they (mother in law included) have about $5 million...will there be tax on the state when my mother in law dies? they have a second to die policy, but i'm not sure what that is
1:24
Daniel Galli -  Rick,   this is really an estate planning question which can be complicated but let me give you the general outline.   The answer to your question depends on what arrangements your father has made.   If he leaves his entire estate to his wife, no estate tax will be due until her death.   Then, she can pass a certain portion to her heirs without estate tax.   Right now that amount is $3.5 mil but that's due to change next year.   Currently, in 2010, there would be no federal estate tax due for anyone who dies in 2010.   However, Massachusetts can and will assess an estate tax.   The rules are tricky and the laws are fluid right now.   If they haven't already, your in-laws need to consult with an estate planning attorney.   At your mother-in-laws death, estate tax may indeed be owed depending on the limits that exist at that time.   The second to die life insurance policy is  often  put in place to provide liquidity to pay taxes.
1:29
[Comment From llevn]
mt grandmother has outlived everyone's expectations, and is still living at home well into her 90s. my mother is considering a reverse mortgage to help pay for her home-based care. what the things we should look out for with reverse mortgages?
1:34
Daniel Galli -  

I have not worked directly with reverse mortgages but from what I have seen, the fees are something that you need to make sure you understand.   It appears that pretty significant expenses can be built into the process.   You would also want to check for the most competitive interest rate and be sure to understand what happens at death.   However, the house, as an asset, should be used to make your grandmother's life as pleasant as possible for as long as she needs it.  

1:34
[Comment From angry]
I think we are seeing a new wave of corporate greed in this recession: companies using the bad economy as an excuse to cut worker benefits such as 401k matches. Just watch, when the economy improves, we won't see these benefits return. meanwhile they pocket the profit and benefits from the lower expectations of workers about their benefits
1:37
Daniel Galli -  You may be right but I'm hoping you're not.   I wasn't pleased to see the 401(k) matches dropped and/or suspended but when I thought about it, better that than layoffs (or more layoffs).   However, as you pointed out, we'll have to wait and see if they return when times get better.   There are incentives for companies to offer matching conttributions which may help to get them re-instated when things pick up.   I hoping to see them again.
1:39
[Comment From tuiy]
whats the difference between a roth 401k and a roth ira?
1:40
Daniel Galli -  

The Roth-IRA is a personal savings account, the Roth 401(k) is an employer based account.   They are similar in how they both allow after tax contributions to grow tax deferred and for untaxed money to be withdrawn and spent income tax free if certain conditions are met.   However, there are some significant differences.

1:43
Daniel Galli -  First, the Roth-IRA may not be an option for individuals whose income is over certain limits ($$120,000 for individuals and $176,00 for Married filing Jointly).   There are no income limits on contributing to a Roth 401(k).   Money can be withdrawn from the Roth-IRA after five years and untaxed monty (up to $10,000) is tax free for a first time home purchase.   This isn't true with the Roth 401(K) whcih doesn't have the 1st time home purchase option.
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